# qml.math.allclose¶

allclose(a, b, rtol=1e-05, atol=1e-08, **kwargs)[source]

Returns True if two arrays are element-wise equal within a tolerance.

The tolerance values are positive, typically very small numbers. The relative difference (rtol * abs(b)) and the absolute difference atol are added together to compare against the absolute difference between a and b.

NaNs are treated as equal if they are in the same place and if equal_nan=True. Infs are treated as equal if they are in the same place and of the same sign in both arrays.

Parameters
• a (array_like) – Input arrays to compare.

• b (array_like) – Input arrays to compare.

• rtol (float) – The relative tolerance parameter (see Notes).

• atol (float) – The absolute tolerance parameter (see Notes).

• equal_nan (bool) –

Whether to compare NaN’s as equal. If True, NaN’s in a will be considered equal to NaN’s in b in the output array.

New in version 1.10.0.

Returns

allclose – Returns True if the two arrays are equal within the given tolerance; False otherwise.

Return type

bool

isclose, all, any, equal

Notes

If the following equation is element-wise True, then allclose returns True.

absolute(a - b) <= (atol + rtol * absolute(b))

The above equation is not symmetric in a and b, so that allclose(a, b) might be different from allclose(b, a) in some rare cases.

The comparison of a and b uses standard broadcasting, which means that a and b need not have the same shape in order for allclose(a, b) to evaluate to True. The same is true for equal but not array_equal.

allclose is not defined for non-numeric data types. bool is considered a numeric data-type for this purpose.

Examples

>>> np.allclose([1e10,1e-7], [1.00001e10,1e-8])
False
>>> np.allclose([1e10,1e-8], [1.00001e10,1e-9])
True
>>> np.allclose([1e10,1e-8], [1.0001e10,1e-9])
False
>>> np.allclose([1.0, np.nan], [1.0, np.nan])
False
>>> np.allclose([1.0, np.nan], [1.0, np.nan], equal_nan=True)
True