# qml.math¶

This package contains unified functions for framework-agnostic tensor and array manipulation. Given the input tensor-like object, the call is dispatched to the corresponding array manipulation framework, allowing for end-to-end differentiation to be preserved.

Warning

These functions are experimental, and only a subset of common functionality is supported. Furthermore, the names and behaviour of these functions may differ from similar functions in common frameworks; please refer to the function docstrings for more details.

The following frameworks are currently supported:

• NumPy

 _multi_dispatch(values) Determines the correct framework to dispatch to given a sequence of tensor-like objects. block_diag(values) Combine a sequence of 2D tensors to form a block diagonal tensor. concatenate(values[, axis]) Concatenate a sequence of tensors along the specified axis. diag(values[, k]) Construct a diagonal tensor from a list of scalars. dot(tensor1, tensor2) Returns the matrix or dot product of two tensors. ones_like(tensor[, dtype]) Returns a tensor of all ones with the same shape and dtype as the input tensor. stack(values[, axis]) Stack a sequence of tensors along the specified axis. where(condition, x, y) Returns elements chosen from x or y depending on a boolean tensor condition. allclose(a, b[, rtol, atol]) Returns True if two arrays are element-wise equal within a tolerance. allequal(tensor1, tensor2, **kwargs) Returns True if two tensors are element-wise equal along a given axis. cast(tensor, dtype) Casts the given tensor to a new type. cast_like(tensor1, tensor2) Casts a tensor to the same dtype as another. convert_like(tensor1, tensor2) Convert a tensor to the same type as another. get_interface(tensor) Returns the name of the package that any array/tensor manipulations will dispatch to. requires_grad(tensor) Returns True if the tensor is considered trainable. cov_matrix(prob, obs[, wires, diag_approx]) Calculate the covariance matrix of a list of commuting observables, given the joint probability distribution of the system in the shared eigenbasis. marginal_prob(prob, axis) Compute the marginal probability given a joint probability distribution expressed as a tensor.