# qml.ControlledQubitUnitary¶

class ControlledQubitUnitary(U, control_wires, wires, control_values)[source]

Bases: pennylane.ops.qubit.QubitUnitary

Apply an arbitrary fixed unitary to wires with control from the control_wires.

In addition to default Operation instance attributes, the following are available for ControlledQubitUnitary:

• control_wires: wires that act as control for the operation

• U: unitary applied to the target wires

Details:

• Number of wires: Any (the operation can act on any number of wires)

• Number of parameters: 1

Parameters
• U (array[complex]) – square unitary matrix

• control_wires (Union[Wires, Sequence[int], or int]) – the control wire(s)

• wires (Union[Wires, Sequence[int], or int]) – the wire(s) the unitary acts on

• control_values (str) – a string of bits representing the state of the control qubits to control on (default is the all 1s state)

Example

The following shows how a single-qubit unitary can be applied to wire 2 with control on both wires 0 and 1:

>>> U = np.array([[ 0.94877869,  0.31594146], [-0.31594146,  0.94877869]])
>>> qml.ControlledQubitUnitary(U, control_wires=[0, 1], wires=2)

Typically controlled operations apply a desired gate if the control qubits are all in the state $$\vert 1\rangle$$. However, there are some situations where it is necessary to apply a gate conditioned on all qubits being in the $$\vert 0\rangle$$ state, or a mix of the two.

The state on which to control can be changed by passing a string of bits to control_values. For example, if we want to apply a single-qubit unitary to wire 3 conditioned on three wires where the first is in state 0, the second is in state 1, and the third in state 1, we can write:

>>> qml.ControlledQubitUnitary(U, control_wires=[0, 1, 2], wires=3, control_values='011')
 base_name Get base name of the operator. eigvals Eigenvalues of an instantiated operator. generator Generator of the operation. grad_method grad_recipe Gradient recipe for the parameter-shift method. inverse Boolean determining if the inverse of the operation was requested. matrix Matrix representation of an instantiated operator in the computational basis. name Get and set the name of the operator. num_params num_wires par_domain parameters Current parameter values. string_for_inverse wires Wires of this operator.
base_name

Get base name of the operator.

eigvals
generator

Generator of the operation.

A length-2 list [generator, scaling_factor], where

• generator is an existing PennyLane operation class or $$2\times 2$$ Hermitian array that acts as the generator of the current operation

• scaling_factor represents a scaling factor applied to the generator operation

For example, if $$U(\theta)=e^{i0.7\theta \sigma_x}$$, then $$\sigma_x$$, with scaling factor $$s$$, is the generator of operator $$U(\theta)$$:

generator = [PauliX, 0.7]

Default is [None, 1], indicating the operation has no generator.

Gradient recipe for the parameter-shift method.

This is a tuple with one nested list per operation parameter. For parameter $$\phi_k$$, the nested list contains elements of the form $$[c_i, a_i, s_i]$$ where $$i$$ is the index of the term, resulting in a gradient recipe of

$\frac{\partial}{\partial\phi_k}f = \sum_{i} c_i f(a_i \phi_k + s_i).$

If None, the default gradient recipe containing the two terms $$[c_0, a_0, s_0]=[1/2, 1, \pi/2]$$ and $$[c_1, a_1, s_1]=[-1/2, 1, -\pi/2]$$ is assumed for every parameter.

Type

tuple(Union(list[list[float]], None)) or None

inverse

Boolean determining if the inverse of the operation was requested.

matrix
name

Get and set the name of the operator.

num_params = 1
num_wires = -1
par_domain = 'A'
parameters

Current parameter values.

string_for_inverse = '.inv'
wires

Wires of this operator.

Returns

wires

Return type

Wires

 adjoint() Create an operation that is the adjoint of this one. decomposition(*params, wires) Returns a template decomposing the operation into other quantum operations. expand() Returns a tape containing the decomposed operations, rather than a list. get_parameter_shift(idx[, shift]) Multiplier and shift for the given parameter, based on its gradient recipe. inv() Inverts the operation, such that the inverse will be used for the computations by the specific device. queue() Append the operator to the Operator queue.

Create an operation that is the adjoint of this one.

Adjointed operations are the conjugated and transposed version of the original operation. Adjointed ops are equivalent to the inverted operation for unitary gates.

Parameters

do_queue – Whether to add the adjointed gate to the context queue.

Returns

static decomposition(*params, wires)

Returns a template decomposing the operation into other quantum operations.

expand()

Returns a tape containing the decomposed operations, rather than a list.

Returns

Returns a quantum tape that contains the operations decomposition, or if not implemented, simply the operation itself.

Return type

JacobianTape

get_parameter_shift(idx, shift=1.5707963267948966)

Multiplier and shift for the given parameter, based on its gradient recipe.

Parameters

idx (int) – parameter index

Returns

multiplier, shift

Return type

float, float

inv()

Inverts the operation, such that the inverse will be used for the computations by the specific device.

This method concatenates a string to the name of the operation, to indicate that the inverse will be used for computations.

Any subsequent call of this method will toggle between the original operation and the inverse of the operation.

Returns

operation to be inverted

Return type

Operator

queue()

Append the operator to the Operator queue.