qml.import_operator

import_operator(qubit_observable, format='openfermion', wires=None, tol=10000000000.0)

Convert an external operator to a PennyLane operator.

We currently support OpenFermion operators: the function accepts most types of OpenFermion qubit operators, such as those corresponding to Pauli words and sums of Pauli words.

Parameters

• qubit_observable – external qubit operator that will be converted

• format (str) – the format of the operator object to convert from

• wires (Wires, list, tuple, dict) – Custom wire mapping used to convert the external qubit operator to a PennyLane operator. For types Wires/list/tuple, each item in the iterable represents a wire label for the corresponding qubit index. For type dict, only int-keyed dictionaries (for qubit-to-wire conversion) are accepted. If None, the identity map (e.g., 0->0, 1->1, ...) will be used.

• tol (float) – Tolerance in machine epsilon for the imaginary part of the coefficients in qubit_observable. Coefficients with imaginary part less than \((2.22 \cdot 10^{-16}) \cdot \text{tol}\) are considered to be real.

Returns

PennyLane operator representing any operator expressed as linear combinations of Pauli words, e.g., \(\sum_{k=0}^{N-1} c_k O_k\)

Return type

(Operator)

Example

>>> from openfermion import QubitOperator
>>> h_of = QubitOperator('X0 X1 Y2 Y3', -0.0548) + QubitOperator('Z0 Z1', 0.14297)
>>> h_pl = import_operator(h_of, format='openfermion')
>>> print(h_pl)
(0.14297) [Z0 Z1]
+ (-0.0548) [X0 X1 Y2 Y3]

If the new op-math is active, an arithmetic operator is returned instead.

>>> qml.operation.enable_new_opmath()
>>> h_pl = import_operator(h_of, format='openfermion')
>>> print(h_pl)
(-0.0548 * X(0 @ X(1) @ Y(2) @ Y(3))) + (0.14297 * Z(0 @ Z(1)))

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